1. Tib steel bar, nrog tus nqi sib txawv npaum li cas?
90% ntawm tus nqi sib txawv ntawm steel tuav los ntawm peb qhov txuas -cov ntaub ntawv twg siv, lawv ua li cas, thiab ua tib zoo ua li cas.
- Thawj qhov sib txawv: cov khoom siv raw.
Nws tseem yog "No.45 steel", thiab cov hlau molten ntawm Dachang yog refined thiab degassed nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, nrog tsawg impurities thiab uniform muaj pes tsawg leeg; Lub nruam casting billet nyob rau hauv ib tug me me Hoobkas tej zaum yuav muaj shrinkage kab noj hniav, segregation thiab ntau inclusions. Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm steel tuav ua los ntawm ob qhov khoob no tuaj yeem yog 10%-15%. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee tus neeg muab khoom siv yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv qis dua rov qab mus rau lub qhov cub thiab ua txuj ua siab siab - qib nrog cov qib qis. Cov tsos tsis tuaj yeem pom, tab sis lawv yuav raug nthuav tawm thaum lawv sim ntawm lub tshuab dhos.
- Qhov thib ob theem sib txawv: txheej txheem ntau lawm.
Tus nqi ntawm steel tuav ua los ntawm kub dov, forging thiab txias daim duab yuav ua tau tsawg li 50% los yog ntau tshaj. Cov laj thawj yog: kub dov yog qhov pheej yig tshaj, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab tab sis ntxhib nto; Forging yog kim dua, nrog cov qauv ntom ntom thiab ua haujlwm zoo; Kev kos duab txias yog qhov kim tshaj plaws, nrog rau siab precision thiab du nto, tab sis nws muaj ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm.
- Qhov thib peb theem sib txawv: precision thiab kam rau ua.
Nws kuj yog ib lub steel bar nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50 hli, ib txhia muaj ib tug kam rau ua ntawm ± 0.5 hli, thiab ib co muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 0.05 hli. Yog hais tias qhov tseeb yog 10 lub sij hawm zuj zus, tus nqi ua yog txawv lawm. Tighter kam rau ua txhais tau tias txiav ntau dua, qeeb ntau lawm ceev thiab siab dua tus nqi rejection, yog li tus nqi ib txwm nce.
2. Qhov txawv ntawm kub dov, forging thiab txias yog dab tsi?
- Kub dov steel bar
Tshav kub lub billet kom ntau tshaj 1000 degrees thiab nias nws tawm ntawm lub zeb zoo li noodles. Nws qhov zoo yog kev ua haujlwm siab ntau lawm thiab tus nqi qis, thiab nws tsim nyog rau ntau lawm. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias muaj cov nplai oxide nyob rau saum npoo, thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb yog dav dav (feem ntau qhov kam rau ua yog ± 0.3mm rau ± 0.5mm), thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib cais thiab kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv. Kub dov tuav yog tsim rau cov khoom siv sib xws lossis cov khoom seem uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Yog hais tias nws yog siv ncaj qha raws li qhov seem ntawm precision qhov chaw, txiav tus nqi yuav kuj loj.
- Forged steel bar
Lub rhuab billet yog hammered los yog extruded ntau zaus nrog ib tug forging xovxwm. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua kom cov pores thiab porosity nyob rau hauv lub ingot, ua rau cov qauv denser, thiab txhua yam khoom zoo dua li cov kub dov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv transverse. Tus nqi ntawm forged steel tuav yog 20% -40% kim tshaj li qhov kub dov, tab sis nws tsim nyog siv lawv hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ris hnyav thiab cuam tshuam, xws li iav shafts, crankshafts thiab tuag. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab yog qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tsis zoo li cov duab txias.
- Txias kos steel bar
Kub- cov kab dov los yog forged tuav yog tev tawm ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd raug yuam los ntawm qhov tuag me me dua nws txoj kab uas hla ntawm chav tsev kub, ib yam li cov tshuaj txhuam hniav. Tom qab kos duab txias, cov hlau saum npoo yog calendered, thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb yog siab heev (qhov kam rau ua ± 0.02mm lossis siab dua). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hardness ntawm qhov saum npoo yuav raug txhim kho vim qhov ua haujlwm txias txias. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov txias - kos bar yog du nto, qhov loj me thiab qhov ncaj ncaj. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab tau yuav yam tsis tau tig. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias tus nqi yog qhov kim tshaj plaws, ntau tshaj 50% kim tshaj li kub dov, thiab txoj kab uas hla yog txwv (feem ntau tsis tshaj 100mm).
3. Thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob raws li txoj cai: annealing, normalizing, tempering.
Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm tib 45 # steel yog 20% -30% tsis muaj kev kho cua sov, annealing thiab quenching thiab tempering.
- Dub tawv pas nrig (tsis muaj kev kho cua sov): nws yog qhov pheej yig tshaj, tab sis lub hardness tsis sib xws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho cua sov tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntxhib.
- Annealed xeev: txo hardness, uniform qauv, yooj yim ua thiab nruab nrab nqi.
- Tempered lub xeev (quenching + kub tempering): Zoo sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog thiab toughness, thiab tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha. Feem ntau yog "pre-cov hlau tawv", xws li H13, P20 thiab lwm yam hlau tuag, uas muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm HRC 30-40 thaum lawv tawm hauv lub Hoobkas. Thaum lawv tau yuav rov qab, lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav ncaj qha rau hauv pwm, thiab tsis tas yuav rov ua kom sov, uas txuag cov txheej txheem, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej kim heev.
Cov ntsiab lus
Yog tias peb tsuas saib tus nqi xwb, kub- dov dub tawv rods yog qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntxhib. Nws xav tau qhov loj me me, du nto thiab siv ncaj qha. Txias- cov kab kos yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, thiab cov khoom siv kim tab sis kev ua haujlwm yog kev lag luam. Rau qhov tseem ceeb nrog cov khoom zoo sab hauv thiab kev ntxhov siab zoo, xaiv cov khoom siv forged, thiab siv nyiaj ntau dua los yuav kev nyab xeeb.
