Hauv kev lag luam steel, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tsis yog kev txiav txim siab nkaus xwb, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom lag luam, kev pabcuam lub neej thiab cov nqi tsim khoom. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntsuas los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau, cov khoom siv kho tshuab txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev siv tswv yim. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev ua tau zoo no yog tus yuam sij rau kev txiav txim siab xaiv cov khoom zoo.
1. Mechanical zog: "cov noob caj noob ces" ntawm cov hlau
Mechanical zog yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, feem ntau suav nrog:
- Lub zog-lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv deformation thiab tawg.
- Hardness - lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom los tiv thaiv lub zos indentation los yog khawb.
- Toughness - lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los nqus lub zog thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
- Plasticity - lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv mus tas li deformation ua ntej tawg.
- Fatigue zog - lub durability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cyclic loading.
Cov khoom no tsis muaj nyob hauv kev sib cais, tab sis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib cuam tshuam cov organic tag nrho.
2. Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim qhia kev ua tau zoo
(1) Lub zog tensile: lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm cov kabmob muaj peev xwm
Lub zog tensile txiav txim siab lub siab tensile siab tshaj plaws uas cov hlau tuaj yeem dais. Hauv cov choj, siab - cov tsev nce siab thiab cov tshuab hnyav, lub zog tensile txaus yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, lub zog tensile ntawm Q345B qis alloy steel yog 470-630MPa, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov qauv siv feem ntau, thaum lub zog tensile ntawm ultra-siab zog steel (xws li S960QL) tuaj yeem ncav cuag 960MPa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas xav tau qhov hnyav heev.
(2) Yield zog: tsim siv taw tes
Thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab mus txog qhov taw tes tawm los, cov khoom yuav pib mus tas li deformed. Hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev tsim qauv feem ntau yog ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los xyuas kom meej tias cov kev pabcuam thauj khoom ib txwm qis dua qhov tseem ceeb no. Xaiv cov hlau uas tsim nyog cov khoom muaj zog tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kuj zam cov nqi pov tseg los ntawm "kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau".
(3) Elongation: "tsis" rau kev ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb
Elongation qhia txog cov yas deformation muaj peev xwm ntawm steel. Cov ntaub ntawv elongation siab yuav pom tseeb deformed ua ntej tawg, uas muab lub sijhawm ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb zoo rau cov qauv engineering. Hauv av qeeg- cov cheeb tsam uas yooj yim, lub tsev hlau yuav tsum muaj cov ductility zoo thiab siv lub zog av qeeg hauv txoj kev "mos thiab nruj".
(4) Impact toughness: lub lifeline ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig
Qhov cuam tshuam lub zog ntsuas los ntawm Charpy V-qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov toughness ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias (xws li LNG cia tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov khoom siv hauv Arctic) lossis nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam, kev cuam tshuam txaus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab zam kev puas tsuaj loj.
(5) Lub zog qaug zog: "kev sim siab" nyob rau hauv cyclic load
Rau cov khoom (xws li shafts, gears thiab springs) uas dais alternating loads, qaug zog zog txiav txim lawv lub neej kev pab cuam. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab kev kho saum npoo, qhov qaug zog ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo thiab kev saib xyuas lub voj voog ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev.
3. Kev kos duab ntawm kev ua tau zoo sib npaug: tsis muaj "zoo meej", tsuas yog "tsim"
Kev xaiv ntawm steel yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab:
- Qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab qhov tawv nqaij- Lub zog feem ntau txhim kho los ntawm kev siv lub zog, thiab qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum pom los ntawm kev tsim cov hlau alloy thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov.
- Kev sib raug zoo ntawm hardness thiab machinability - cov ntaub ntawv hardness siab muaj kev hnav zoo, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi nce.
- Lub hom phiaj xaiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb- cov cai tshwj xeeb xws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kub tsis kam thiab hnav tsis kam yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb alloy cov ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke.
Piv txwv li, excavator shovel hniav yuav tsum tau muaj siab heev hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, thaum lub fuselage qauv xav tau zoo zog thiab toughness, yog li feem ntau nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv cov hlau sib txawv thiab siv lawv los ntawm vuam.
4. Kev Lag Luam Trend: Kev ua tau zoo- taw qhia Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab
Tam sim no, kev lag luam steel yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia:
- Kev ua haujlwm siab- dhau ntawm cov thev naus laus zis xws li microalloying, tswj dov thiab tswj cov cua txias, cov khoom siv dav tuaj yeem txhim kho yam tsis muaj tus nqi nce lossis nce nqi.
- Lub teeb yuag - Txhim kho lub zog thiab txo qhov hnyav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv tsheb thiab aerospace teb.
- Environmental adaptability- txhim kho cov hlau tshwj xeeb haum rau ib puag ncig huab cua (dej hiav txwv tob, thaj tsam qaum teb, kub siab).
- Sustainable txoj kev loj hlob - txhim kho cov recyclability ntawm steel, txo lub zog noj nyob rau hauv ntau lawm thiab tsim biocompatible ntaub ntawv.
5. Cov lus xaus
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tsis yog qhov txawv txav tsis zoo, tab sis cov lus sib tham ntawm cov hlau thiab siv ib puag ncig. Cov kev xaiv cov khoom siv tiag tiag yog kom phim cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv nrog engineering xav tau thiab nrhiav kev sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb, nqi thiab lub neej. Kev nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab tus nqi engineering tom qab cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua rau txhua tuj ntawm cov hlau siv nws qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
